staging.inyokaproject.org

Hi, ich wollte neulich mit Borg ein Backup des gesamten "/" Verzeichnisses auf einer externen Festplatte machen, dabei hat er natürlich unter anderen die Festplatte selber gebackupt, was wiederum zu einer sehr großen Borg-Datei führte. \\ Gibt es eine Möglichkeit das Verzeichnis: "/media/Benutzer/Festlatte" vom Backup aus zu schließen?

Option --exclude, siehe hier.

usage: borg create [-h] [--critical] [--error] [--warning] [--info] [--debug]
                   [--lock-wait N] [--show-rc] [--no-files-cache] [--umask M]
                   [--remote-path PATH] [-s] [-p] [--list]
                   [--filter STATUSCHARS] [-e PATTERN]
                   [--exclude-from EXCLUDEFILE] [--exclude-caches]
                   [--exclude-if-present FILENAME] [--keep-tag-files]
                   [-c SECONDS] [-x] [--numeric-owner] [--noatime] [--noctime]
                   [--timestamp yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss]
                   [--chunker-params CHUNK_MIN_EXP,CHUNK_MAX_EXP,HASH_MASK_BITS,HASH_WINDOW_SIZE]
                   [--ignore-inode] [-C COMPRESSION] [--read-special] [-n]
                   ARCHIVE PATH [PATH ...]

Create new archive

positional arguments:
  ARCHIVE               name of archive to create (must be also a valid
                        directory name)
  PATH                  paths to archive

optional arguments:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  --critical            work on log level CRITICAL
  --error               work on log level ERROR
  --warning             work on log level WARNING (default)
  --info, -v, --verbose
                        work on log level INFO
  --debug               work on log level DEBUG
  --lock-wait N         wait for the lock, but max. N seconds (default: 1).
  --show-rc             show/log the return code (rc)
  --no-files-cache      do not load/update the file metadata cache used to
                        detect unchanged files
  --umask M             set umask to M (local and remote, default: 0077)
  --remote-path PATH    use PATH as borg executable on the remote (default:
                        "borg")
  -s, --stats           print statistics for the created archive. Requires
                        -v/--verbose.
  -p, --progress        show progress display while creating the archive,
                        showing Original, Compressed and Deduplicated sizes,
                        followed by the Number of files seen and the path
                        being processed, default: False
  --list                output verbose list of items (files, dirs, ...).
                        Requires -v/--verbose.
  --filter STATUSCHARS  only display items with the given status characters
  -e PATTERN, --exclude PATTERN
                        exclude paths matching PATTERN
  --exclude-from EXCLUDEFILE
                        read exclude patterns from EXCLUDEFILE, one per line
  --exclude-caches      exclude directories that contain a CACHEDIR.TAG file
                        (http://www.brynosaurus.com/cachedir/spec.html)
  --exclude-if-present FILENAME
                        exclude directories that contain the specified file
  --keep-tag-files      keep tag files of excluded caches/directories
  -c SECONDS, --checkpoint-interval SECONDS
                        write checkpoint every SECONDS seconds (Default: 1800)
  -x, --one-file-system
                        stay in same file system
  --numeric-owner       only store numeric user and group identifiers
  --noatime             do not store atime into archive
  --noctime             do not store ctime into archive
  --timestamp yyyy-mm-ddThh:mm:ss
                        manually specify the archive creation date/time (UTC).
                        alternatively, give a reference file/directory.
  --chunker-params CHUNK_MIN_EXP,CHUNK_MAX_EXP,HASH_MASK_BITS,HASH_WINDOW_SIZE
                        specify the chunker parameters. default: 19,23,21,4095
  --ignore-inode        ignore inode data in the file metadata cache used to
                        detect unchanged files.
  -C COMPRESSION, --compression COMPRESSION
                        select compression algorithm (and level): none == no
                        compression (default), lz4 == lz4, zlib == zlib
                        (default level 6), zlib,0 .. zlib,9 == zlib (with
                        level 0..9), lzma == lzma (default level 6), lzma,0 ..
                        lzma,9 == lzma (with level 0..9).
  --read-special        open and read block and char device files as well as
                        FIFOs as if they were regular files. Also follows
                        symlinks pointing to these kinds of files.
  -n, --dry-run         do not create a backup archive

Description

This command creates a backup archive containing all files found while recursively traversing all paths specified. Paths are added to the archive as they are given, that means if relative paths are desired, the command has to be run from the correct directory.

When giving ‘-‘ as path, borg will read data from standard input and create a file ‘stdin’ in the created archive from that data.

The archive will consume almost no disk space for files or parts of files that have already been stored in other archives.

The archive name needs to be unique. It must not end in ‘.checkpoint’ or ‘.checkpoint.N’ (with N being a number), because these names are used for checkpoints and treated in special ways.

In the archive name, you may use the following placeholders: {now}, {utcnow}, {fqdn}, {hostname}, {user} and some others.

To speed up pulling backups over sshfs and similar network file systems which do not provide correct inode information the –ignore-inode flag can be used. This potentially decreases reliability of change detection, while avoiding always reading all files on these file systems.

The mount points of filesystems or filesystem snapshots should be the same for every creation of a new archive to ensure fast operation. This is because the file cache that is used to determine changed files quickly uses absolute filenames. If this is not possible, consider creating a bind mount to a stable location.

See the output of the “borg help patterns” command for more help on exclude patterns. See the output of the “borg help placeholders” command for more help on placeholders.
Examples

# Backup ~/Documents into an archive named "my-documents"
$ borg create /path/to/repo::my-documents ~/Documents

# same, but verbosely list all files as we process them
$ borg create -v --list /path/to/repo::my-documents ~/Documents

# Backup ~/Documents and ~/src but exclude pyc files
$ borg create /path/to/repo::my-files \
    ~/Documents                       \
    ~/src                             \
    --exclude '*.pyc'

# Backup home directories excluding image thumbnails (i.e. only
# /home/*/.thumbnails is excluded, not /home/*/*/.thumbnails)
$ borg create /path/to/repo::my-files /home \
    --exclude 're:^/home/[^/]+/\.thumbnails/'

# Do the same using a shell-style pattern
$ borg create /path/to/repo::my-files /home \
    --exclude 'sh:/home/*/.thumbnails'

# Backup the root filesystem into an archive named "root-YYYY-MM-DD"
# use zlib compression (good, but slow) - default is no compression
$ borg create -C zlib,6 /path/to/repo::root-{now:%Y-%m-%d} / --one-file-system

# Make a big effort in fine granular deduplication (big chunk management
# overhead, needs a lot of RAM and disk space, see formula in internals
# docs - same parameters as borg < 1.0 or attic):
$ borg create --chunker-params 10,23,16,4095 /path/to/repo::small /smallstuff

# Backup a raw device (must not be active/in use/mounted at that time)
$ dd if=/dev/sdx bs=10M | borg create /path/to/repo::my-sdx -

# No compression (default)
$ borg create /path/to/repo::arch ~

# Super fast, low compression
$ borg create --compression lz4 /path/to/repo::arch ~

# Less fast, higher compression (N = 0..9)
$ borg create --compression zlib,N /path/to/repo::arch ~

# Even slower, even higher compression (N = 0..9)
$ borg create --compression lzma,N /path/to/repo::arch ~

# Use short hostname, user name and current time in archive name
$ borg create /path/to/repo::{hostname}-{user}-{now} ~
# Similar, use the same datetime format as borg 1.1 will have as default
$ borg create /path/to/repo::{hostname}-{user}-{now:%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S} ~
# As above, but add nanoseconds
$ borg create /path/to/repo::{hostname}-{user}-{now:%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S.%f} ~

# Backing up relative paths by moving into the correct directory first
$ cd /home/user/Documents
# The root directory of the archive will be "projectA"
$ borg create /path/to/repo::daily-projectA-{now:%Y-%m-%d} projectA

Ist die Codezeile dann korrekt und macht das zuvor Beschriebene?

borg create -v --stats  --exclude-from /media/Benutzer/Festplatte --compression lzma,7 /media/Benutzer/Festplatte/Sicherung::02-09-2016 /

oder so?

borg create -v --stats  --exclude /media/Benutzer/Festplatte --compression lzma,7 /media/Benutzer/Festplatte/Sicherung::02-09-2016 /

marv98 schrieb:

Ist die Codezeile dann korrekt und macht das zuvor Beschriebene?

Nein, exclude-from macht - was die Anleitung schon sagt - ein exclude aus einer Datei. Wenn Du /media/Benutzer/Festplatte nicht dabei haben willst, dann ists --exclude. Mehr hier.

Into_the_Pit schrieb: Mehr hier.

Das hatte ich oben schon verlinkt, einen Auszug als Codeblock gepostet und gelb markiert 😉.